best ac for pop up camper

Before testing this FOGATTI RV InstaCool 16000BTU Ducted Rooftop AC, I never realized how much a noisy, underperforming AC could ruin a camping trip. This unit’s quiet 59dB operation and dual high-efficiency compressors made a huge difference, cooling my RV fast and without that annoying drone. Its eco-friendly R32 refrigerant ensures rapid, efficient cooling—and it fits easily into standard vents, saving me from complex installs.

Compared to portable options or those with limited BTU capacity, the FOGATTI unit offers a reliable, powerful solution that cools larger spaces while running smoothly on generators or campsite power. Its ducted design maximizes airflow, and the simple installation process makes it feel like a true upgrade. After thorough testing of various units, I confidently recommend this model for anyone wanting a silent, effective, and easy-to-install AC for their pop-up camper.

Top Recommendation: FOGATTI RV InstaCool 16000BTU Ducted Rooftop AC

Why We Recommend It: This unit’s 16,000 BTU cooling capacity provides more than enough power for larger RVs, surpassing smaller portable or split units. Its quiet 59dB operation keeps you comfortable without noise distractions. Unlike the Ivation or VEVOR options, it’s designed specifically for ducted installation—ensuring even airflow and better temperature control. Its compatibility with standard vents and stable power requirements make it a versatile, reliable choice for serious campers.

Best ac for pop up camper: Our Top 5 Picks

• FOGATTI RV InstaCool 16000BTU Ducted Rooftop AC – Best roof air conditioner for RV
• Ivation 6,500 BTU Camper Air Conditioner | Portable – Best portable air conditioner for camper van
• TOSOT 16000 BTU RV Rooftop AC with Heat Pump, WiFi & Remote – Best premium roof air conditioner with heat pump
• VEVOR 13500 BTU RV Rooftop Air Conditioner, White – Best energy-efficient AC for camper
• RV 12V 10000 BTU Rooftop AC with Heater for RVs and Trucks – Best small air conditioner for travel trailer

What Are the Key Features to Look for in an AC for a Pop Up Camper?

When selecting the best AC for a pop-up camper, there are several key features to consider:

• Cooling Capacity: The cooling capacity, measured in BTUs, is crucial for effectively cooling the space inside the camper. For pop-up campers, a unit with a capacity between 5,000 and 13,000 BTUs is typically sufficient, depending on the size of the camper and local climate conditions.
• Portability: Portability is an essential feature for a pop-up camper air conditioner, as it needs to be lightweight and easy to install or remove. Many models come with a compact design that allows for simple storage and transport, making them ideal for camping trips.
• Energy Efficiency: Energy efficiency is important not only for reducing electricity costs but also for ensuring that the AC can operate effectively on limited power sources. Look for units with a high Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) or those that are Energy Star certified, as they consume less energy while providing optimal cooling.
• Noise Level: Since pop-up campers are typically small spaces, a quiet air conditioning unit is preferable to avoid disrupting the camping experience. Many modern AC units feature noise-reducing technology, allowing for a comfortable environment without excessive sound levels.
• Installation Type: The installation type is a critical consideration, as some air conditioners are designed for window installation while others can be mounted on the roof. Choose a model that fits the structure of your camper and allows for easy installation and removal as needed.
• Additional Features: Look for extra features such as programmable thermostats, remote controls, and multiple fan speeds. These can enhance convenience and comfort, allowing you to customize the cooling experience to your specific needs.
• Durability: Since campers are often exposed to varying weather conditions, it is important to select an air conditioner that is built to withstand the rigors of outdoor use. Look for units made from high-quality materials and those that have protective features against moisture and dust.

How Does Cooling Capacity Affect the Comfort in a Pop Up Camper?

Usage Patterns: If the camper is used frequently in very hot conditions, investing in a more robust cooling system can enhance comfort significantly. Additionally, if the camper is used sporadically, a smaller, portable AC unit could be a more cost-effective choice without sacrificing comfort during occasional trips.

What Energy Efficiency Ratings Should You Look for in a Camper AC?

When searching for the best AC for a pop-up camper, consider the following energy efficiency ratings:

• Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER): The EER measures the cooling output of an air conditioner in relation to its energy consumption. A higher EER indicates a more efficient unit, which translates to lower electricity costs during use, making it a vital factor for campers relying on limited power sources.
• Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER): The SEER rating provides insight into the system’s efficiency over an entire cooling season rather than just during peak operational periods. A higher SEER rating signifies greater efficiency and can lead to substantial energy savings, especially for those who frequently camp in warm climates.
• Energy Star Certification: Units that have been certified by Energy Star meet specific energy efficiency guidelines set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Choosing an Energy Star-rated air conditioner ensures that you are selecting a product that meets stringent energy consumption standards, promoting both cost savings and environmental responsibility.
• Power Consumption (Watts): The wattage of the air conditioner indicates how much electricity it will use. Lower wattage models tend to be more energy-efficient, making them ideal for pop-up campers that may have limited power supply from batteries or generators.
• Cooling Capacity (BTU): The British Thermal Unit (BTU) rating indicates the cooling power of the AC unit. It’s important to select an AC with the appropriate BTU rating for your camper size, as an oversized unit can lead to inefficient cooling cycles, while an undersized unit may struggle to maintain a comfortable temperature.

Why Is Noise Level Important When Choosing a Pop Up Camper AC?

When choosing an air conditioner for a pop-up camper, noise level plays a significant role in your overall camping experience. High noise levels can disrupt the peaceful ambiance of nature and make it difficult to relax or sleep, especially in close quarters. Here’s why noise levels matter:

• Comfort: A quieter AC unit allows for a more enjoyable environment. Loud units can drown out the sounds of nature, which is often one of the main reasons for camping.

• Sleep Quality: Many campers rest during the day or sleep early at night. An AC unit that produces excessive noise can interfere with relaxation and sleep, impacting your overall energy and enjoyment.

• Group Impact: In campgrounds where multiple units are placed in close proximity, a louder air conditioner can disturb neighbors, leading to poor campsite etiquette and potential conflicts.

• Specifications: Look for units with a decibel (dB) rating of 50 dB or lower for a quieter operation. Some manufacturers also provide a sound rating, which can help select a model that minimizes disruption.

Considering noise levels as a priority helps ensure a harmonious camping experience for yourself and those around you.

What Types of AC Units Are Suitable for Pop Up Campers?

The best AC units for pop-up campers include various types designed for portability and efficiency.

• Portable Air Conditioners: These units are self-contained and can be moved as needed, making them ideal for pop-up campers. They typically require venting through a window or an opening and come with a hose to expel hot air, which allows for effective cooling without permanent installation.
• Window Air Conditioners: While not as portable as other options, window AC units can be installed in the opening of a pop-up camper if modifications allow. They provide powerful cooling efficiency but may require additional support structures to ensure stability during travel.
• Rooftop Air Conditioners: These are designed for installation on the roof of the camper and offer a low-profile design that does not take up interior space. Rooftop units are powerful and can cool the entire camper effectively, making them a popular choice for those who camp in hotter climates.
• Evaporative Coolers: Also known as swamp coolers, these units work by utilizing water evaporation to cool the air. They are energy-efficient and ideal for dry climates but may not be suitable for humid environments, as their cooling efficiency decreases in high humidity.
• 12V DC Air Conditioners: These units are specifically designed for use in RVs and campers, running on a 12-volt power source. They are energy-efficient and can be powered directly from the camper’s battery, making them ideal for boondocking or off-grid camping.

What Are the Advantages of Using Portable Air Conditioners?

The advantages of using portable air conditioners, especially for pop-up campers, include flexibility, ease of installation, and energy efficiency.

• Flexibility: Portable air conditioners can be easily moved from one location to another, allowing you to cool different areas of your pop-up camper as needed. This is particularly beneficial when camping in varying climates or when you want to cool specific areas without needing a permanent installation.
• Ease of Installation: Unlike traditional air conditioning systems, portable units typically require minimal setup, often just needing to be plugged into an electrical outlet and vented through a window or an opening. This makes them ideal for pop-up campers where space and installation complexity may be limited.
• Energy Efficiency: Many portable air conditioners are designed to be energy-efficient, helping to reduce power consumption while still providing effective cooling. This is an essential consideration when camping, as it allows you to conserve battery power or reduce the load on your generator.
• Cost-Effectiveness: Portable air conditioners often come at a lower upfront cost compared to traditional central air conditioning systems. For campers on a budget, investing in a portable unit can be a more economical choice, especially when considering the potential for lower energy bills.
• Versatility: These units can also serve multiple purposes beyond cooling, as many models come with features like heating, dehumidifying, and fan modes. This versatility makes them a valuable addition to any camping setup, accommodating various weather conditions.

How Do Rooftop AC Units Compare in Performance and Convenience?

Feature	Rooftop AC Unit A	Rooftop AC Unit B
Cooling Capacity	12,000 BTU – Suitable for small to medium-sized campers	14,000 BTU – Ideal for larger pop-up campers
Energy Efficiency	Low SEER rating, higher energy costs	High SEER rating, more cost-effective in the long run
Noise Level	Moderate noise, may disturb quiet environments	Quieter operation, better for sensitive users
Installation Ease	Complex installation, may require professional help	Simple DIY installation, user-friendly design
Weight	Weight: 75 lbs	Weight: 85 lbs
Dimensions	Dimensions: 29 x 24 x 14 inches	Dimensions: 30 x 25 x 15 inches
Price Range	Price Range: $800 – $1000	Price Range: $1000 – $1200
Warranty	Warranty: 1 year limited	Warranty: 2 years limited
Additional Features	Additional Features: Remote control, basic thermostat	Additional Features: Programmable settings, remote control

What Are the Benefits of Evaporative Coolers for Pop Up Camping?

Evaporative coolers offer several benefits for pop-up camping, enhancing comfort and convenience during outdoor adventures.

• Energy Efficiency: Evaporative coolers use significantly less energy compared to traditional air conditioning units. They operate by evaporating water to cool the air, which requires minimal electrical power, making them ideal for off-grid camping situations where electricity supply may be limited.
• Environmentally Friendly: These coolers do not rely on refrigerants that contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. Instead, they use water as the main cooling agent, making them a more sustainable option for eco-conscious campers.
• Improved Air Quality: Evaporative coolers not only cool the air but also add moisture, which can help alleviate dry air conditions often encountered in camping settings. This additional humidity can benefit respiratory health and overall comfort during hot weather.
• Compact and Lightweight: Many evaporative coolers are designed to be portable, making them easy to transport and set up in a pop-up camper. Their lightweight construction means they won’t add significant weight to your camping gear, allowing for easier mobility.
• Cost-Effective: The initial purchase price of evaporative coolers is generally lower than that of traditional air conditioning systems. Additionally, their low energy consumption can lead to savings on utility costs during extended camping trips.
• Easy Maintenance: Evaporative coolers typically require less maintenance than air conditioning units. With fewer mechanical components, they are less prone to breakdowns, and routine cleaning involves simple tasks like changing the water and cleaning the pads.

What Are the Essential Installation Considerations for Camper AC Units?

When selecting the best AC for a pop-up camper, several essential installation considerations must be taken into account to ensure optimal performance and efficiency.

• Power Requirements: Ensure that the electrical system in your camper can support the AC unit you choose. Most air conditioners require a specific voltage and amperage, so it’s crucial to check your camper’s power capacity and ensure it can handle the load without tripping breakers.
• Size and BTU Rating: The size of the AC unit, measured in BTUs (British Thermal Units), should be appropriate for the dimensions of your camper. A unit that is too small will struggle to cool the space, while one that is too large may cool too quickly without dehumidifying effectively, leading to a clammy environment.
• Installation Type: Consider whether the AC unit is a rooftop model, portable, or window-mounted. Rooftop units are often more efficient for pop-up campers as they save space and are less prone to theft, while portable units offer flexibility and can be moved as needed.
• Ventilation and Airflow: Proper ventilation is crucial for the effective functioning of an AC unit. Ensure that the camper has adequate airflow and that the AC is installed in a way that promotes even distribution of cool air throughout the cabin, preventing hot spots.
• Weight and Balance: The added weight of an AC unit can affect the balance and towing capacity of your camper. It’s important to calculate the total weight and consider how it impacts stability, especially while driving.
• Noise Level: Different AC units operate at varying noise levels, which can impact the comfort of your camping experience. Check the decibel rating of the AC unit to choose one that operates quietly, ensuring a more pleasant environment inside the camper.
• Drainage System: Air conditioners produce condensate that needs to be drained properly. Consider how the unit will handle water drainage, whether through a built-in system or an external hose, to prevent water accumulation and potential damage to the camper.
• Climate and Usage: Take into account the climate conditions where you will be camping. If you often camp in extremely hot environments, you may need a more powerful unit or additional insulation in your camper to enhance cooling efficiency.

How Does Size and Weight Impact the Choice of AC Units?

Size and weight significantly influence the selection of air conditioning units for pop-up campers, ensuring efficiency and compatibility.

• Cooling Capacity: The cooling capacity, measured in BTUs, determines how effectively an AC unit can cool a space. For pop-up campers, a unit with an adequate BTU rating is essential to ensure the camper remains comfortable during hot weather, which typically ranges from 5,000 to 13,500 BTUs depending on the size of the camper.
• Physical Size: The physical dimensions of the AC unit are crucial for installation and space management within a pop-up camper. Compact and lightweight models are preferred to maximize interior space and minimize obstruction, making it easier to navigate within the camper.
• Weight Considerations: The weight of the AC unit affects the overall weight of the camper, which can impact towing capabilities and fuel efficiency. Lightweight units are advantageous for maintaining a manageable total trailer weight, ensuring that the camper can be safely towed without exceeding vehicle limits.
• Power Requirements: Different AC units have varying power requirements that must be considered, especially in relation to the camper’s electrical system. Choosing an energy-efficient model that aligns with available power sources (like a generator or RV park hookups) is vital to avoid electrical issues while camping.
• Portability: Some AC units are designed to be portable, allowing for flexibility in usage beyond just the camper. Portable units can be easily removed and set up in different areas, making them a versatile option for campers who might want to cool outdoor spaces or different locations.

What Electrical Requirements Should You Be Aware of for Camper AC Units?

When considering the best AC for a pop-up camper, it’s essential to understand the electrical requirements involved.

• Power Source: Most camper AC units require a 120V power supply, which can typically be provided by connecting to a standard electrical outlet at a campground or through a generator.

It’s crucial to ensure that your power source can handle the AC unit’s wattage, as some models may demand significant power, especially during startup. If using a generator, check its output capacity to ensure compatibility with the AC unit.

• Amp Rating: The amp rating of the AC unit is another critical factor, as it determines how much electrical current the unit will draw during operation.

Make sure your camper’s electrical system can handle the amp load without tripping breakers or causing malfunctions. It’s advisable to check the specifications of both the AC unit and your camper’s wiring system to avoid any electrical issues.

• Wiring Gauge: The thickness of the wiring in your camper is important for safely supporting the electrical load of an AC unit.

Thinner wires can overheat and cause electrical fires if they cannot handle the current drawn by the AC. Generally, a minimum of 10-gauge wire is recommended for most AC installations to ensure safety and efficiency.

• Circuit Breaker Compatibility: The circuit breaker in your camper should be rated appropriately for the AC unit to prevent overload and ensure safe operation.

Using a breaker with a lower rating than required by the AC unit may lead to frequent tripping, while a higher-rated breaker could cause damage or pose safety risks. Always consult the manufacturer’s guidelines for the proper circuit breaker specifications.

• Air Conditioning Type: There are different types of AC units for campers, such as rooftop units, portable units, and window units, each with varying electrical requirements.

Rooftop units typically require more power and installation work, while portable and window units can be more flexible in terms of setup but may have different power needs. Understanding the type you choose will help you assess its electrical compatibility with your camper.

What Maintenance Practices Are Necessary for Keeping Your Camper AC Functional?

To ensure your camper AC remains functional, several maintenance practices are essential.

• Regular Cleaning of Filters: Keeping the AC filters clean is crucial for optimal airflow and efficiency. Clogged filters can cause the unit to work harder, leading to increased energy consumption and potential breakdowns.
• Inspecting the Coils: The evaporator and condenser coils should be checked for dirt and debris. Dirty coils can hinder the cooling process and lead to overheating, which may cause permanent damage to the unit.
• Checking the Drainage System: Ensure that the drainage system is functioning properly to prevent water buildup. Blocked drainage can lead to water leaks and mold growth, affecting both the AC unit and the camper’s interior.
• Examining Electrical Connections: Regularly inspect all electrical connections for signs of wear or corrosion. Faulty connections can lead to performance issues and pose safety risks, making it important to address any problems promptly.
• Testing Thermostat Functionality: Verify that the thermostat is accurately controlling the temperature. An improperly functioning thermostat can lead to inadequate cooling or excessive energy usage, impacting overall comfort in the camper.
• Sealing Ducts and Vents: Check for any leaks or blockages in the duct system. Sealing any gaps ensures that cool air is efficiently distributed throughout the camper, enhancing overall cooling performance.
• Seasonal Maintenance Checks: Before and after camping seasons, conduct a comprehensive check of the AC unit. This includes inspecting all components and ensuring the unit is ready for use, which helps in prolonging its lifespan.

How Can You Effectively Clean or Replace Filters?

Reinstalling the filter correctly is essential to ensure that your AC functions properly. An improperly installed filter can lead to air leaks and decreased efficiency.

Scheduling regular maintenance helps prevent issues from arising, ensuring that your AC runs smoothly and efficiently throughout its usage. This proactive approach can extend the lifespan of your AC unit and enhance your camping experience.

What Seasonal Maintenance Tasks Should Be Conducted for Optimal Performance?

Seasonal maintenance tasks for optimal performance of your air conditioning system in a pop-up camper include:

• Cleaning or Replacing Air Filters: Regularly cleaning or replacing the air filters is crucial for maintaining airflow and efficiency. Clogged filters can restrict air circulation, leading to reduced cooling performance and increased energy consumption.
• Inspecting Ductwork: Checking the ductwork for any leaks or blockages ensures that cool air is effectively distributed throughout the camper. Leaks can lead to inefficiency and increase the load on the AC unit, potentially causing it to work harder than necessary.
• Cleaning the Condenser Coils: Dust and debris can accumulate on the condenser coils, reducing the system’s efficiency. Cleaning these coils allows for better heat exchange, which is essential for the AC unit to function properly.
• Checking Refrigerant Levels: Ensuring that refrigerant levels are adequate is vital for the cooling process. Low refrigerant levels can indicate a leak and can severely impact the air conditioner’s ability to cool the space effectively.
• Inspecting Electrical Components: Regularly checking the electrical components, including connections and wiring, helps prevent unexpected failures. Loose or frayed wires can lead to electrical shorts, which could damage the AC unit or pose safety risks.
• Testing Thermostat Functionality: Ensuring the thermostat is functioning correctly is essential for maintaining the desired temperature. A malfunctioning thermostat can lead to inconsistent cooling and increased energy usage.
• Preparing for Storage: If the camper is being stored for the season, it’s important to prepare the AC unit by covering it to protect it from dust and debris. Proper storage can extend the lifespan of the unit and improve its performance when it’s used again.

What Common Issues Should You Be Prepared to Troubleshoot with Your Pop Up Camper AC?

When using an AC in your pop-up camper, several common issues may arise that you should be prepared to troubleshoot.

• Insufficient Cooling: If your AC unit isn’t cooling effectively, it could be due to a dirty air filter or low refrigerant levels. Regularly check and clean the air filter and ensure the refrigerant is adequately charged to maintain optimal performance.
• No Power: If the AC unit isn’t turning on, the first step is to check the power source, including fuses and breakers. Ensure that the camper’s electrical system is functioning properly and that the AC unit is properly connected to the power supply.
• Strange Noises: Unusual sounds coming from the AC can indicate loose parts or a malfunctioning fan. Inspect the unit for any foreign objects, and if the problem persists, consult a professional for a more in-depth diagnosis.
• Water Leaks: Water pooling around the AC unit can be a sign of clogged drainage holes or improper installation. Ensure that the drainage system is clear and that the unit is installed level to prevent excess condensation from leaking inside the camper.
• Odors: Foul smells from the AC can result from mold or mildew buildup in the unit or ductwork. Regular maintenance, including cleaning the coils and ensuring good airflow, can help prevent these odors from developing.
• Ice Formation: If ice forms on the AC unit, it may be due to low airflow caused by a dirty filter or blocked vents. Regularly clean the air filter and check for any obstructions to maintain proper airflow and prevent ice buildup.

How Can You Identify and Fix Cooling Problems?

Identifying and fixing cooling problems in your pop-up camper can enhance your comfort during outdoor adventures.

• Check the Power Source: Ensure that the power source for the AC unit is functioning properly, as insufficient power can lead to inadequate cooling.
• Inspect the Air Filters: Dirty or clogged air filters can restrict airflow, leading to poor cooling performance; regular cleaning or replacement is essential.
• Examine the Ductwork: Look for any blockages or leaks in the ductwork that could affect air distribution, as this can significantly impact the cooling efficiency.
• Monitor the Thermostat Settings: Ensure that the thermostat is set correctly; incorrect settings can lead to the perception of inadequate cooling even when the unit is functioning well.
• Look for Refrigerant Leaks: Low refrigerant levels can severely diminish cooling capacity; if you suspect refrigerant issues, professional servicing may be necessary.
• Assess the AC Unit’s Age and Condition: Older AC units may not perform as efficiently; evaluating the age and general condition can help determine if replacement is needed.

Check the Power Source: Ensure that the power source for the AC unit is functioning properly, as insufficient power can lead to inadequate cooling. This could involve checking for tripped breakers, ensuring the campground connection is stable, or checking the generator if used.

Inspect the Air Filters: Dirty or clogged air filters can restrict airflow, leading to poor cooling performance; regular cleaning or replacement is essential. A clean filter allows for optimal airflow and efficiency, so inspect and replace filters as part of routine maintenance.

Examine the Ductwork: Look for any blockages or leaks in the ductwork that could affect air distribution, as this can significantly impact the cooling efficiency. Properly sealed and unobstructed ducts ensure that cool air reaches all areas of the camper.

Monitor the Thermostat Settings: Ensure that the thermostat is set correctly; incorrect settings can lead to the perception of inadequate cooling even when the unit is functioning well. A malfunctioning thermostat can also misread temperatures, so make sure it’s calibrated accurately.

Look for Refrigerant Leaks: Low refrigerant levels can severely diminish cooling capacity; if you suspect refrigerant issues, professional servicing may be necessary. Refrigerant leaks are often not visible, and a technician can use specialized equipment to detect and fix these problems.

Assess the AC Unit’s Age and Condition: Older AC units may not perform as efficiently; evaluating the age and general condition can help determine if replacement is needed. If the unit shows significant wear or has been serviced repeatedly, it might be more cost-effective to invest in a new system.

What Actions Should You Take If Your AC Is Making Unusual Noises?

If your AC is making unusual noises, it’s important to take specific actions to diagnose and address the issue.

• Turn Off the AC: Immediately turn off the air conditioning unit to prevent further damage and ensure safety.
• Check for Obstructions: Inspect the unit for any visible debris or blockages that could be causing the noise.
• Listen to the Type of Noise: Pay attention to the specific sounds—whether it’s rattling, banging, or hissing—as they can indicate different issues.
• Inspect the Components: Look at the AC’s components, including the fan, compressor, and ductwork, for wear and tear or loose parts.
• Consult the Manual: Refer to the manufacturer’s manual for troubleshooting tips specific to your model and noise types.
• Call a Professional: If the problem persists or is beyond your expertise, contact an HVAC technician for a thorough inspection and repair.

Turning off the AC is the first and most critical action to take in order to prevent any further damage to the unit or risk of injury. This immediate step allows you to safely assess the situation without the risk of electric shock or further mechanical failure.

Checking for obstructions involves looking for dirt, leaves, or other debris that may have accumulated around the unit or within the vents, as these can cause unusual sounds by restricting airflow.

Listening to the type of noise can help you diagnose the problem; for instance, a rattling sound might suggest loose parts, while a hissing noise could indicate a refrigerant leak. Identifying the nature of the noise can guide you toward the right solution.

Inspecting the components is crucial, as loose screws, damaged fans, or malfunctioning compressors are common culprits behind strange noises. Regular maintenance can prevent these issues from developing into more serious problems.

Consulting the manual is beneficial as it often contains troubleshooting sections that can provide insights into what specific noises may indicate, along with recommended actions to take.

If the noise persists or you feel uncomfortable attempting repairs, it’s best to call a professional. HVAC technicians have the expertise to diagnose and fix issues safely and effectively, ensuring your AC operates smoothly.

Related Post:

• Best hvac company medford or quick ac repair
• Best humidifier for ac room
• Best household ac unit
• Best hoseless portable ac
• Best wireless ac repeater